{"id":78229,"date":"2025-02-23T14:41:02","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T13:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e7%b1%bb\/03-%e7%a9%ba%e6%b0%94%e3%80%81%e6%b0%b4%e3%80%81%e9%98%b3%e5%85%89%e3%80%81%e6%a4%8d%e7%89%a9\/"},"modified":"2025-05-03T14:31:25","modified_gmt":"2025-05-03T12:31:25","slug":"03-%e7%a9%ba%e6%b0%94%e3%80%81%e6%b0%b4%e3%80%81%e9%98%b3%e5%85%89%e3%80%81%e6%a4%8d%e7%89%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/%e5%a4%a7%e8%87%aa%e7%84%b6-%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8%e5%9c%ba%e6%89%80\/03-%e7%a9%ba%e6%b0%94%e3%80%81%e6%b0%b4%e3%80%81%e9%98%b3%e5%85%89%e3%80%81%e6%a4%8d%e7%89%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"03 – \u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u9633\u5149\u3001\u690d\u7269"},"content":{"rendered":"
La vita delle piante \u00e8 una ricetta complessa possibile grazie a semplici ingredienti –\u00a0 anidride carbonica presente nell\u2019aria, sali minerali del suolo, acqua quanto basta, energia luminosa proveniente dal sole per attivare la clorofilla – e all\u2019influenza di alcuni fattori ambientali – temperatura, luminosit\u00e0 ed umidit\u00e0 – che ne condizionano lo svolgimento.<\/strong><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div>
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\r\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NYsPpDH691A<\/div><\/figure> \n

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\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u6e7f\u5ea6\u3001\u5149\u7167\u548c\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u690d\u7269\u7269\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u708e\u70ed\u548c\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d “\u751f\u5b58”\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u8089\u8d28\u690d\u7269<\/strong><\/em>\u5c06\u6c34\u5206\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u7269\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u5f88\u6109\u5feb \u4eb2\u6c34<\/em><\/strong>\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u6c2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u6349\u6d3b\u7684\u6606\u866b\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u6c2e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u989d\u5916\u7684\u517b\u5206\u3002 \u8089\u98df\u6027<\/strong><\/em>\uff1b\u5728\u5149\u7167\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8be5\u7269\u79cd \u55dc\u65e5\u5149<\/em> <\/strong>\u559c\u6b22\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u5149\u7167\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b \u8089\u98df\u6027 <\/strong><\/em>\u5219\u559c\u6b22\u6811\u4e1b\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u3002<\/p> \n

\u65e0\u8bba\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8425\u517b\u4e3b\u8981\u5728 \u53f6\u7247<\/strong>\u53ca\u5176\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53<\/strong><\/em>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u751f\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/em>\u901a\u8fc7\u6839\u7cfb\u4ece\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5728\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u7269\u3002 \u53f6\u7eff\u7d20<\/strong><\/em>\u53f6\u7eff\u7d20\u662f\u690d\u7269\u754c\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5149\u5408\u8272\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5149\u5408\u8272\u7d20\uff1b\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5929\u7136\u8272\u7d20\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5149\u5408\u751f\u7269\u8425\u517b\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u81ea\u517b<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p> \n

\u542f\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7531\u592a\u9633\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u548c\u6dc0\u7c89\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5355\u7cd6\u548c\u590d\u5408\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p> \n

\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u91cf “\u4ed3\u5e93”\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u53cd\u5e94\u7684 “\u5e9f\u54c1”\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u4f1a\u5411\u73af\u5883\u91ca\u653e\u6c27\u6c14\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u7cd6\u5206<\/strong>\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u690d\u7269\u5904\u4e8e\u98df\u7269\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86 \u5f02\u517b\u751f\u7269<\/em>\u7684<\/strong>\u8425\u517b\u6765\u6e90\uff0c<\/em>\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u690d\u7269\u8fd8\u662f\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u8425\u517b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7cd6<\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u8425\u517b\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u4f5c\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5411\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u751f\u957f\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u4ece\u5468\u56f4\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u987d\u5f3a\u624e\u6839\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6c34\u548c\u77ff\u7269\u76d0\uff08\u540e\u8005\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u7528\u3002\"\"<\/p> \n

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\"\"Il trasporto della linfa<\/strong> avviene grazie a tessuti altamente specializzati chiamati xilema<\/strong><\/em> e floema<\/strong><\/em>; essi sono strutturati in modo da costituire dei veri e propri vasi conduttori, formati da cellule che nel caso dello xilema sono morte, svuotate per meglio adempiere al compito del trasporto dal basso verso l\u2019alto della linfa grezza<\/strong><\/em>, ossia la soluzione di acqua e sali minerali. Per consentire questo trasporto contro gravit\u00e0,\u00a0entrano in gioco alcuni fenomeni fisici indispensabili: l\u2019osmosi<\/strong><\/em>, che consente il passaggio dell\u2019acqua dal terreno attraverso i peli radicali, la risalita per capillarit\u00e0<\/strong><\/em>, possibile grazie al diametro infinitesimale dei vasi xilematici, e il \u201crichiamo\u201d che si genera per la variazione di pressione conseguente alla evaporazione dell\u2019acqua dagli stomi (i piccolissimi fori che si trovano per lo pi\u00f9 al di sotto delle foglie).La linfa elaborata, ossia quella sostanza acquosa ricca di zuccheri prodotti con la fotosintesi, viene poi trasportata attraverso il floema<\/strong> dalle foglie verso gli altri organi della pianta.Il trasporto della linfa viene condizionato dall\u2019umidit\u00e0 atmosferica, che \u00e8 determinante nell\u2019assorbimento dell\u2019acqua dal suolo; questo assorbimento rallenta fino ad arrestarsi quando l\u2019aria \u00e8 carica di umidit\u00e0, interrompendo l\u2019evaporazione attraverso le foglie. Al contrario, un\u2019aria molto secca \u201crichiama\u201d acqua dalle piante, facendo aumentare l\u2019evaporazione attraverso gli stomi e di conseguenza la risalita di acqua dal terreno. Per evitare, per quanto possibile, gli \u201cstress idrici\u201d, le piante possono regolare l\u2019apertura e la chiusura degli stomi.Oltre ai principali processi vitali descritti, le piante presentano affascinanti modalit\u00e0 di riproduzione, curiose strategie di difesa e \u201ccomportamenti\u201d peculiari grazie ai quali riescono a stringere \u201camicizie\u201d pi\u00f9 o meno durature con altri esseri viventi. Ne parleremo nelle lezioni successive.<\/figure> \n<\/div> \n<\/div> \n<\/div> \n<\/div> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4ece\u79cd\u5b50\u5230\u8fbe\u571f\u58e4\u65f6\u5c31 … \u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8782,"featured_media":78230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[]},"categories":[3229,3228],"tags":[],"corpo":[],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-78229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3229","category-3228","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78229"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8782"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78229"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115121,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78229\/revisions\/115121"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78229"},{"taxonomy":"corpo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/corpo?post=78229"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myspecialdoctor.it\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=78229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}