Tonsillectomy
Summary This routine outpatient procedure is used to remove the tonsils, the large glands located in the back of the throat to defend and protect against external infections.In some people
Endocrine System
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Thyroid nodule
Summary A thyroid nodule is a growth of cells in the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a gland located in the neck that produces hormones that help control many activities
Hyperthyroidism excess thyroid hormones
Summary Hyperthyroidism is a problem with the thyroid gland, the gland located in the neck that produces hormones.The thyroid gland produces hormones that help control many functions in the body
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition brought about by the insufficient production of thyroid hormones, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and tridothyronine (T3), by the thyroid gland, resulting in reduced overall metabolic efficiency
Basedow’s disease
Basedow’s disease, also known as Basedow-Graves disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland and results in the typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy/exophthalmos, and dermopathy. Basedow’s disease can
Cushing’s disease
“Disease” or “Cushing’s syndrome,” sometimes referred to as “hypercortisolism,” is a condition characterized by a variable set of characteristic symptoms induced by the body’s exposure to excessive levels of glucocorticoids
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is not really a disease, but a complex condition defined by the simultaneous presence of known cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity (especially of the “central” type, i.e.,
Goiter thyroid volume
Goiter corresponds to the more or less bulky, protruding swelling that appears in the central anterior part of the neck mainly in people who are iodine-deficient for prolonged periods, due
Diabetes and hypoglycemic syndromes
Diabetes or, more precisely, “diabetes mellitus” is a complex metabolic disease in which there is an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from insufficient insulin production by the Langerhans
Hirsutism and virilization
Hirsutism is a condition that primarily affects women and consists of the growth of dark hairs in skin areas in which significant hair is normally present only in adult men,
Diabetic foot
Diabetic foot is a complex condition that develops as a complication of advanced uncontrolled diabetes and is the leading cause of nontraumatic amputation in the Western adult population. Very prevalent
Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia corresponds to a condition determined by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland (a small neuroendocrine gland found in the center of the brain that
Overweight and obesity
Far from being a mere cosmetic problem, overweight and obesity are an established risk factor for the development of number of metabolic (foremost among them diabetes), acute cardiovascular (such as
Menopause
Menopause is a physiological event that affects all women in the age range of 46 to 53 years and corresponds to the gradual loss of ovarian function and, therefore, the
Pituitary tumor
Tumors of the Hypophysis (or pituitary gland) are a group of predominantly benign neoplasms affecting a small structure located in the center of the brain, posterior to the root of
Tumors of the adrenal glands
The adrenal glands (or adrenals) are two small triangular structures “resting” on the kidneys and responsible for the production of several hormones critical for metabolic and hydroelectrolyte balance and stress
Dyspareunia
Dyspareunia is defined as persistent genital pain that occurs in women shortly before or during intercourse and sometimes still present after intercourse has ended. Painful intercourse can occur for reasons
Hashimoto’s thyroid
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland, causing it to become chronically inflamed and gradually degenerate and lose function, resulting in the development of hypothyroidism (a
