Depending on the pathogenesis, two types of diabetes are distinguished: Type 1 diabetes from total or near-total insulin deficiency, and Type 2 diabetes, characterized by variable insulin resistance. Both types of diabetes are preceded by a phase of impaired glucose homeostasis. Diabetes type 1 usually occurs before the age of 30, but today it is possible for it to occur later in life. Diabetes mellitus can also result from diseases of the exocrine pancreas, genetic defects, and some endocrine disorders, which induce excessive production of hormones. Diabetes treatment is both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, as it is necessary to keep in mind the type of diabetes and the state of nutrition.
Tips dietary
Dietary therapy aims to ensure good glycemic compensation and to achieve and/or maintain ideal body weight. Diabetes complications lead to significant socioeconomic impact, as they greatly reduce patients’ life expectancy and quality of life. Screening programs and treatment of these conditions reduce mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients.
Requirement energy
If the person with diabetes is underweight , dietary therapy should provide sufficient energy and nutrients to restore muscle/lean mass. If, on the other hand, the subject is overweight , diet therapy should limit caloric intake to promote weight reduction.
Diabetic patients need to consume 55 percent carbohydrates to total calories. As for fiber, however, it is a particular category and a daily intake of 20 g/1000 Kcal is recommended. The lipid share should not siperate 25-30% of total daily calories and cholesterol should not exceed 300 mg/day. If hypertriglyceridemia is not present, the use of alcoholic beverages in the amount of one glass with meals is allowed.
Source: Handbook of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition by Franco Contaldo et al.
