Diabetic ketoacidosis can cause symptoms ranging from simple asthenia to obnubilation of consciousness to coma. It is also possible for the victim to have abdominal pain, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dehydration, and weight loss. Vomiting and pain in the abdomen may also be present.
It is necessary to set up two venous routes with a catheter: one route will be used for infusions and the other for withdrawals.
If the patient is comatose, a nasogastric suction tube must be inserted. Urgently request laboratory tests, urine examination, electrocardiogram, and arrange for continuous ECG monitoring. Treatment involves infusing saline during the first two hours. From the third hour onward, infuse saline plus potassium and insulin intravenously.
Source: Mediserve‘s Medical Emergencies in Pediatrics.
