Pain, unfortunately, can affect even the youngest children. In this case, the first elements to consider are the measurement of pain, which uses appropriate rating scales, and the estimation of its impact on the child’s well-being, in terms of reduced liveliness and avoidance of activities he or she finds most pleasurable.

Shock in children
Shock is the condition in which the circulatory supply is
Insufficient to meet the body’s metabolic needs. Tissue hypoperfusion can be realized through three
mechanisms: the reduction of global blood







































































