Although arsenic is not a metal but a metalloid, it is widespread in nature and prolonged exposure causes a carcinogenic effect. Arsenic derivatives are used within industries as pesticides or as medicines. Chronic poisoning often results from oral or percutaneous absorption. In tissues, arsenic binds to sulfhydryl enzyme systems. Acute arsenic poisoning, on the other hand, usually occurs from ingestion of arsenic trioxide. A bitter taste may be experienced, but for the next two hours nothing may happen until vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain appear.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis of acute arsenic poisoning cannot wait for laboratory answers, but as for chronic poisoning, the most suitable samples for diagnosis are nail fragments or hair taken with the entire root. Regarding treatment, resuscitative and supportive therapy is required. Hydro-electrolyte depletion must be corrected as soon as possible representing the cornerstone of effective therapy. Dimercaprol also appears to be effective in the same way.
Source: Vadecum of poisoning therapy by Roy Goulding
