The anuria Is the failure of the kidney to produce urine. Oliguria, on the other hand, is the production of insufficient amount of urine to maintain homeostasis. Le causes may be pre-renal with hypovolemia, heart failure, and shock; renal with acute glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, uratic nephropathy, necrosis acute tubular, acute interstitial nephritis from toxins or drugs; post renal with obstructions. It is necessary to proceed with a quick medical history, assessment of the status of the circle, bladder characterization and undergo a renal ultrasonography.
In the case of pre-renal failure, circulation must be restored with hydration, transfusion, or shock therapy. In the case of organic insufficiency, it is necessary to put the child on general measures with weight control and fluid and diuresis control. Drug therapy involves fluid intake and correction of hyperpotassemia. It is important to avoid drugs or substances that may increase kidney damage. In terms of nutrition, calories and protein should be provided according to age and weight requirements.
Source: Mediserve‘s Medical Emergencies in Pediatrics.
