Hematemesis is the emission oral of blood with vomiting. Symptomatology and objective signs depend on the aetiology. In the case of massive hemorrhage there will be a symptomatology and objectivity in hypovolemic shock. It is necessary to perform immediate procedures such as vein cannulation, the suspension of solid and liquid feeding and the insertion of a tube naso-gastric.
Laboratory tests to be performed are CBC, azotemia, blood glucose, ionogram, endoscopy, angiography, radioactive isotope radiological investigations, ECG, PA. In the case of esophageal varices, urgent perendoscopic sclerotherapy, endoscopic hemostasis and a possible infusion of Samotostatin is essential. For hematemesis of other nature sometimes targeted surgery or random therapy is needed.
Source: Mediserve‘s Medical Emergencies in Pediatrics.
