Osteoarthritis represents the degenerative disease of joints. This occurs when cartilage, which normally acts as a protective covering for bones allowing smooth and pain-free movement, goes through degeneration. Without cartilage to perform its role, the articular surfaces of the bones rub against each other, wear and tear, and cause pain and limitation of movement; these mechanical stresses result in the development of bone spurs called “osteophytes” that are painful and are a classic radiological finding specific to osteoarthritis.

An army of micro-robots can wipe out dental plaque
A swarm of micro-robots, directed by magnets, can dislodge and remove the biofilm that forms the characteristic plaque that forms around teeth and promotes and sustains common oral diseases, from