Osteoarthritis represents the degenerative disease of joints. This occurs when cartilage, which normally acts as a protective covering for bones allowing smooth and pain-free movement, goes through degeneration. Without cartilage to perform its role, the articular surfaces of the bones rub against each other, wear and tear, and cause pain and limitation of movement; these mechanical stresses result in the development of bone spurs called “osteophytes” that are painful and are a classic radiological finding specific to osteoarthritis.
Pregnancy and the mother-child dyad
This course examines the individual's line of development beginning with pregnancy and how alterations in it can lead to mental pathology in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.
